Ancient Israel and Hebrew Books Overview-Timeline
All dates Before Common Era (BCE) unless otherwise noted. The early dates, before 1000, are very rough estimations (c. means "around", as in "circumference")
A) Patriarchal period, c. 2000-1700 (Genesis 12-50) (Abram/Abraham and his descendents; Isaac, Jacob/Israel etc.)
B) Period of national formation, c. 1700-1000
(Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges)
1. Sojourn in Egypt, c. 1700-1300
2. Exodus from Egypt, c. 1300 (Moses)
3. Sinai Covenant, c. 1280 (Moses given Ten Commandments)
4. Conquest of Canaan, c. 1250-1200
5. Tribal Confederacy, c. 1200-1020
C) Monarchy, 1020-587 (Samuel, Kings, Chronicles) (David, Solomon etc.)
1. Construction of the First Temple, by Solomon, c. 800 BCE (Destroyed in 586 BCE)
D) Exile In Babylon, 597-538. (Job)
E) Restoration and reconstruction, 538-63
(Ezra, Nehemiah). Construction of Second Temple, beginning 516 BCE
1. Under Persians, 538-332
2. Under the Greeks, 332-167
3. Independence, 167-63
4. Under the Romans, from 63
F) Diaspora, 70 AD - 1948
1. Destruction of Second Temple and Jews exiled throughout Roman Empire 70 AD
Another, traditional way of organizing the books is offered here: Bible As Text
Here is a good timeline for Jerusalem: Jerusalem History Timeline